Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Christian Aid Essay

Once the Second World War had finished, there was widespread homelessness in continental Europe .In addition to the thousands of refugees; many people had lost their homes and their possessions. So as a result of this, Churches in Britain and Ireland decided to do what they could do help at the time and they set up an organisation called â€Å"Christian Reconstruction in Europe†. Twenty years later the name was changed to â€Å"Christian Aid† and by 1964, the organisation began to focus on aid outside Europe which by then had largely recovered from the War. The aims of the organisation originally were to aid in the re construction of Europe and in the aid of refugees from all over the continent. During the 1960’s Christian Aid joined forces with other relief forces and their aims were to respond to world-wide emergencies and disasters. An emergency committee was set up so that in an emergency situation immediate action could be taken and all the organisations could co-operate to make the best use of their resources by organising a joint repose. During the late 60’s Food shortages and starvation were growing problems and Christian Aid wanted political action to be taken. So the latest aim was to campaign along with the World Development movement which was set up by the Churches and Christian Aid, so they could campaign on the hunger related issues. Their aims changed again over the period of the 80’s, world economic recession developed. The Banks in the rich north were demanding their interest rates from the Less Developed Countries that had received loans in the past. The interest charge that the countries had to pay turned out to be twice as much as the original loan. So Christian Aid began a campaign to persuade bank and governments to reduce or even cancel the debts of the poorer nations. In 1987 the Board of Christian aid adopted a statement by the British Council of Churches entitled To Strengthen the Poor, as a basis for action and reflection. The statement â€Å"Strengthen the Poor† is now Christians Aids basic aim. The majority of Christians Aid is funding comes from us the British public; you can either send a cheque through the post, or phone and make a donation. But Christian Aid is probably best known for its â€Å"Christian Aid week†. For seven days in May, church members from all over the country make door to door collections for the worlds poor. In the financial year of 1997-8, Christian Aid raised over à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½37million. Money also come from the UK’s government who then donated 5.4million, the European Union gave à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½2.8 million, and the Irish government gave 0.57 million. That year Christian Aid spent 76% in improving poorer counties living conditions and health, 11% on campaigning and education, 11% on fundraising and only 2% on administration. This is how the money was spent in the year of 2001-2. In International work on development in poorer countries Christian Aid raised 28.9m, in International work on emergencies such as the refugees in Afghanistan 9.4m was donated to help. A total of 6.5m was spent on Campaigning and education, a further more 8.6m was used on Fundraising and publicity 0.9m was put towards Management and administration, this gave Christian Aid a great total expenditure of 54.3million pounds. At the heart of all of Christian Aids aims, beliefs and thoughts, comes their basic philosophy that peoples lives improve most when they make their own decisions. So they operate in partnership with local people in the belief that the local community best knows its needs and what skills are locally available. Once a group has decided on a community project it can approach Christian Aid. This way Christian Aid can help people strengthen themselves but let them do it them selves so in the future if they have a problem they can deal with it themselves, instead of them having it spoon fed to them. The group will have to provide a description of the work, showing how it can be done, and an estimate of how much will be needed. The Christian Aid project officer for the region will then assess the request and visit the site. Only when local experts have assessed the project in detail does the committee in London decide whether to support it. Christian quotes that † in penitence and hope we commit ourselves to strengthen the poor against injustice†. Another appealing quote is â€Å"we must act strategically to strengthen the arm of the poor until they can stand up to those who so often acted against them and have the power to determine their own development under God†. These two quotes sum up Christian Aids beliefs and aims for me. In conclusion I believe that Christian Aid has been successful in that they the main resource given to the poor is in education and the teaching of self-reliance. Another good aspect of the organisation is that aid is almost immediate to those in need, such as refugees in Iraq today however how far can we say Christian Aid is a complete success because we still have less developed people and countries in the world, Christian Aid alone cannot of itself solve the worlds problems but it can help with them.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Owner-Manager Types Essay

Cranfield School of Management has been studying the behaviour of entrepreneurs and their relationship with key staff in some thousands of growing UK companies. Cranfield study has concluded that it is the entrepreneurs themselves who are the most likely to be the biggest stumbling block to the growth and development of their own company. Cranfield grouped entrepreneurs into four dominant types of relationship with their staff, mainly: Heroes, Artisans, Meddlers and Strategists. Past Cranfield studies shows that most small firms do not think very much about their future strategy. In fact, less than a third of small and medium enterprises across Europe set their objectives in terms of profit and margins. This is somewhat surprising as profit and profitability are the key measures of business success. However, as over two-thirds of owner-managed companies with a turnover of i 10 million do not have a plan at all, it should come as no surprise that few entrepreneurs are strategists. Other research has uncovered the shocking fact that 60 per cent of senior staff in small firms leave within two years of their appointment. Some of these early departures can be put down to poor recruitment. The researchers studied two important elements of this relationship. The first element studied was how much time the owner-manager spent on routine management tasks such as marketing, selling, analysing figures, reviewing budgets or arbitrating between managers. The second one examines what level of business skills has been attained by the key staff. Heroes Probably the Heroes undertake one management function such as sales or production. The Heroes’ time is now spent on managing the business. As the level of business skill throughout their employees is still relatively low, the Heroes will take the lead in starting routine management procedures. They will introduce ideas from the courses they attend to the firm and be the only persons who really understand them. That is the reason why they will be considered as Heroes from the rest of the employees. Unfortunately, this leads to the Heroes taking the Herculean role on their hands. In this case, allocating operations to the employees is relatively simple as the working skills in most businesses are either readily available in the local community or the people can be trained up without too much difficulty. On the other hand, passing out routine management tasks will almost always require that the owner or manager trains up his own management teams. There are few well trained managers available to the small company because of two main reasons. Firstly, the overall pool of such people is small as training in the small business sector until recently has been almost exclusively concentrated on the Entrepreneur. Secondly, well trained managers usually seek jobs in larger firms with more opportunities for advancement and more resources to practice the â€Å"art of management† on. The Heroes have a high capacity for improving the firm performance but still have low growth prospects when compared to their market. They have no time for strategic thinking and no depth of management to handle growth effectively. Artisans In the Cranfield model, the Artisans are characterized by low occupation with routine management tasks. The reason is that most of their time is spent producing a product or delivering a service. The level of business skills in the company is also low as most of the Artisan’s staff is employed helping in â€Å"production† or performing primary duties, such as book-keeping or selling. Artisans can include professional firms, such as architects and surveyors, manufacturers, sub-contractors or small building firms, owners of small retail chains such as chemists, video stores and proprietors of hotels and restaurants. Little time is available either for routine management tasks such as examining performance or reassessing methods. Every hour that can be sold is sold and little time is left over to either improve the quality or profitability of today’s business or to consider strategy for tomorrow. The Artisans have low growth prospects in relation to their market. Their training and development needs are to raise their awareness of the management significance as a business task of equal importance with daily revenue earning. Meddlers The Meddler increases the level of management skills either by training or recruitment but then fails to delegate routine management tasks. At this stage, according to the Cranfield model, the owner-managers probably have no operative responsibilities and have assumed the role of managing directors. Typically, they spend much time anticipating subordinates, introducing more refined, but largely unnecessary management systems. They also go on courses or read books that make them even more well-informed and sometimes better at routine management tasks than their own employees, who anyway are by now doing a perfectly satisfactory job of managing today’s business. They get in early and leave late and practice â€Å"management by walking about†. The Meddlers’ problem is that they cannot delegate routine management tasks because they feel useless. They have been used to a 70-90 hour week with only 10 days holiday each year. Once their management team is in place and trained, they are out of a job. Until they reduce their involvement with routine management tasks, they will limit the growth capacity of this firm for two reasons. Firstly, their management team will not take on more duties if the reward for taking on the last lot of responsibility was being irritated and criticised. Secondly, they are too busy checking on people to develop sound strategies for growth. Strategists The Strategists are the most desirable type of entrepreneurs to develop a growing business. They develop the management skills of their team to the highest appropriate level and in depth. They may introduce a staff duty to help their line managers in such areas as personnel and market research. This will free-up their key managers to think strategically too. They will dedicate roughly a third of their time to management tasks such as monitoring performance, co-ordinating activities, resolving conflict and helping to manage today’s business. A third of their time will be spent motivating, counselling, developing management teams and helping them to manage change. This activity is aimed at improving the existing business. The final third of their time will be devoted on developing strategic thinking to form the shape of the future business. Their training needs will be to continuously update their core leadership and motivation skills and to increase their depth of knowledge on strategic issues, acquisition or divestment activity and financing sources. Relationship between the Owner-Manager and His Key Staff in a Growing Firm The natural path of development for the relationship between the owner-manager and his team is to pass from Artisan to Hero to Meddler and for the lucky few to become Strategists. Why Family Businesses Die The family business is deeply rooted in the sense of pride of the owner like most of other forms. Schein (1998) said that this is reinforced by a desire for autonomy which forms part of the five â€Å"career anchors†. This becomes possible with the combination of vision, energy and dedication. Moorman and Halloran (1993) stated that there are more businesses that fail than they succeed in this competitive market place. Twenty-four from one hundred start-ups fail in the U. S. , within the first two years and more than sixty within the first six years. This happens due to lack of planning and preparation which is the most common reason. The second is the lack of creativity which is important to survive. Some businesses offering the same product may succeed because they are doing something better and more innovative than competition. The â€Å"Copy Cat† approach lacks creative skills to turn its product into a unique selling proposition. This can be harmful for family businesses.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Ethical Consideration of Using Nuclear Weapons Essay - 1

Ethical Consideration of Using Nuclear Weapons - Essay Example As mentioned earlier, it was during August 1945 that the world witnessed how destructive and horrendous are impacts of a nuclear bomb but the â€Å"nuclear weapons age† formally began a month later from this event on July 16, 1945 at 5:29am. The scientists chose a quite area of the New Mexico desert and that place of the experiment is now known as Jornado de Muerto (Journey of Death) (Paul, pp. 314). The energy from that experimental explosion was so immense that people sitting 150 miles away could feel the shockwaves in the form of a brief earthquake. The explosion created so much light that all the mountains in the neighborhood became visible. The explosion produced its first mushroom shape cloud of smoke which would later go on to redefine the human existence on this planet. J. Robert Oppenheimer who was the Chief scientist and director of Manhattan Engineer District of the War Department project uttered the words from Bhagvand Geeta, which sum up the entire situation. He s aid, â€Å"Now I am become Death, destroyer of worlds† (Krepon, pp. 19-23). As the world enters into the second decade of the 21st century, nine countries have the possession of 32000 nuclear weapons having more than eight thousand megatons of energy, which is more than enough to destroy not only the planet earth and even mars given that if these weapons are used strategically. More importantly, these weapons could give too much liberty to the people, groups, and nations who possess it thus putting the liberty of entire humankind in jeopardy.

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Statement of purpose Personal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Of purpose - Personal Statement Example This was a tremendous opportunity to expand on my knowledge of contemporary teaching techniques and better engage students with the modern curriculum. Throughout my academic career, I was exposed to a wide range of theoretical principles and assumptions regarding teaching methodology and child development. Through my experiences at Ibn Khuzaymah, I was able to gain a very practical and sophisticated experience in applying theoretical knowledge to tangible educational practice which solidified and, in some instances, challenged a variety of hypotheses about what constitutes effective teaching and learning strategy development. This professional understanding has strengthened not only my commitment to becoming a first-class educator but also improved my ability to experiment and test traditional teaching standards, which has created a more efficient and productive instructor. This position at the local high school was also very satisfactory at a personal level as I was able to assist s tudents in building trust with the instructor, helping them to concentrate and focus their minds more productively to solve problems associated with the curriculum. Utilizing contemporary theory and best practice models that focused on socio-psychological strategies to gain students’ attention and interest, I was able to establish a learning environment that was highly conducive to laying the foundation of reciprocal respect that genuinely engaged students and provided more effective learning outcomes. My academic education did not necessarily provide me with the knowledge and understanding of the importance of addressing and considering students’ emotions. This experience at Ibn Khuzaymah legitimately opened my eyes to the necessity to balance metacognition with psychological models relevant to this age bracket in order to produce triumphant student learning outcomes that maintained long-lasting appreciation and student esteem for the instructor. My primary goal today is to begin studies in the Master’s Program in Statistics at your university. All my aforementioned professional experience has given me a new appreciation for the social and educational value of conducting primary research studies. Being able to appreciate, understand and evaluate quantitative data maintains significant benefits to society and the educational system across the world, and I am realizing that statistics provides the foundation for a legitimized understanding of science and society. As a person who genuinely enjoys statistics, coupled with a newfound respect for the global relevance of scientific research, I sincerely believe that study in this program is well-suited for my talents and posture regarding this important dimension of modern society. Hence, all aforesaid experiences and understandings considered, I legitimately believe that I can offer substantial and diverse benefits to the university. I have a rather balanced approach to learning, being able to work both independently and cooperatively with culturally and professionally different individuals to produce positive team outcomes and establish new best practice behaviors in the

Saturday, July 27, 2019

DRAMA ; Play review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

DRAMA ; Play - Movie Review Example There are flower vases in the room, a few paintings on the wall and a beautiful rag on the floor. Reverend Al Sharpton playing himself will wear a white color and an all black suit. Letty Cottin as herself is in an ordinary skirt and blouse attire depicting a modern day American lady. The attire is not Jewish in any way but depicts self preservation. Many audiences view Carmel Cato as a victim. Cato’s costume is but the music in the background angry and the lighting dull and gloomy. Joe Mantegna will play Camel Cato because I think he can express pain with persuasion (Smith 33). The play will derive its theme from the second section where Aaron M. Bernstein distortion both in literature and science in view of the mirror effect. Bernstein’s costume is one of a typical American professor. The costume will encompass a mismatched suit, graying hair, and spectacles for emphasis. Jesse Merz will play Bernstein because of his theatre background and natural ability to act like a learned person. The characters will perform at the center of the stage, surrounded by three mirrors. As the characters frustration and anger rises, the mirrors should close in making them seem restricted. As for lighting, darkness with little illumination on the face will portray frustration, red with shades of green will portray anger, and a hue of grey and beige will portray indifference (Smith 67). Characters that are at peace with themselves and the situation they live in will be under blue and lavender lighting. The mirrors in these scenes will close in slowly with no sound. For angry characters, the mirrors will close in with a lot of angry, loud sounds in the background. For the character Rivkah Siegal, there will be irony of classical white music playing in the background as she talks about how unreal she feels when she wears wigs. Setting the play in an abandoned building creates a sense of timelessness. It also gives the

Friday, July 26, 2019

Virtual Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Virtual Community - Essay Example Phish fans wanted to be a part of Phish.net. They wished to share, listen, and receive information about the band. But, they also wanted to be connected to a larger "community" of people representing the ideas characterized by the band. Phish.net members established "norms to direct behavior in the larger Phish fan community" that carried beyond virtual boundaries into actual venues (Watson 112). Phish.net was able to "prove to record industry executives that as a group they were worth listening to because of the collectivity's large size and tight coherence" (Watson 127). c) Virtual communities have louder voices, are more capable of assigning principles, and are better equipped to influence change. But, there are also potential negative consequences associated with online communications. Online communities can become so large that they alienate the standards and ideas upon which they were originally founded. They require no commitment and little accountability. And, there is a general lack of the intimacy that binds off-line communities.

Case study ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Case study ethics - Essay Example on to health and safety of people, making use of stolen code, offering services for the post for which, one is not suitable and capable and production of fake test results. All these ethical problems become a cause for the death of a human being. The leadership of the company, Silicon Techtronics Inc. also took unethical and autocratic decisions due to which, the co-workers were made to take support of unethical steps in order to safe guard their jobs. The time assigned for the development of the software program was not much and in a little time, an imperfect software was developed and this imperfection was hidden from the users. This essay takes into consideration the ethical issues along with the ethical codes applicable on those issues. In addition, it also informs about the philosophical theory that could have brought a change in the results. Randy Samuels was indicted to be involved in the killing of Bart Matthews on the basis of the program that he wrote for the functioning of the arms of the robot. Bart Matthews was the robot operator in the firm. Due to the malfunctioning of the robot, Matthews was put to death. The robot moved its hands violently due to which, Matthews’ skull got damaged and he died at the spot. Randy Samuels was accused because it was analyzed that he made use of the coding language erroneously and carelessly. Randy Samuels misinterpreted the codei due to which, the robot functioned wrong. The ethical consideration that is applicable in this situation is, â€Å"You shall not claim any level of competence that you do not possess. You shall only offer to do work or provide a service that is within your professional competence.†ii When Samuel was not fully sure about his competence and experience, he should not have offered his services for programming. He should have assessed his knowledge and expertise for programming. The resulting death of Matthews indicates that Samuels had not made use of his programming before and he was not

Thursday, July 25, 2019

World History I a comparative analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

World History I a comparative analysis - Essay Example The slaves did all the hard work the ancient greeks were sea faring people and a maritime industry existed. indirect tax system was more common .it was used to build state owned universities granaries etc. The economy had substantial economic infrastructure. Of harbors, quarries brickyards etc .agriculture was practiced the slave labors worked in the fields. Monetary stability and an expanding population stimulated economic growth IMPERIAL ECONOMIC system existed. the vedic age is famous for social stratification.in top bracket were the ruling and warrior class called the kshatriyas ,they were followed by the brahmanas or the priestly class. Next came the vashyas or the peasants and traders.finally the shudras who were the serving class. People lived in extended joint families .The head of the family was called GRIHAKARTA. Only free people of greek descendant were citizens. they enjoyed full protection of the state. In ATHENS Population was divided into 4 claws based on wealth The slaves had no power but they could own family or property. The Chinese were the most evolved in the field of science. Discovery of gunpowder, paper etc. were all Chinese contributions to the world. Chinese medicine was based on herbs that could cure almost all diseases. Chinese philosophy was also evolved. The concept of energy flows was propounded called 'Chi'.

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Technology of Information Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology of Information Security - Essay Example at the present are a mixture of these two solutions, where some data are stored on a centralized server and accessed by client computers, as well as some data is stored only on local computers which is never shared with other client computers (Microsoft, 2003; Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005). In addition, all of the above discussed situations come with a variety of security problems to consider. In fact, for the majority of business organizations, at the very least some of this data must be kept secure. Moreover, in order to help present effective data security in the above discussed situations, there exist a wide variety of IT security technologies that can be used by the business organizations to keep their sensitive data and information secure during storage and network communication. Additionally, there is not a single IT security technology that has the capability to protect all data against all kinds of attack. However, there are many security technologies that can be combined to implement a wide-ranging security infrastructure that protects against a wide variety of security attacks (Microsoft, 2003; Shelly, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2005). I have presented below three information security technologies: It is an admitted fact that the majority of business organizations are exposing their personal networks to Internet traffic; as a result, the deployment of firewalls has become a basic need. Basically, â€Å"a firewall stops illegal communication inside and outside of the network, facilitating the company to implement a security strategy on traffic running between its network and the Internet† (Turban, Leidner, McLean, & Wetherbe, 2005; Laudon & Laudon, 1999). Additionally, firewalls can be either software or hardware. However, an effective firewall arrangement will be based on both (Beal, 2004). In this scenario, a firewall divides a network into different domains. A wide-ranging implementation of the firewall has the Internet as un-trusted domain; a semi

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Lies my teacher told me- James Loewen Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lies my teacher told me- James Loewen - Essay Example He says, â€Å"Some books go way beyond omitting the actor and leaving out the act itself† (Loewen 25). This paper shall seek to explain the key reasons as to why Loewen think that history textbooks used in the high school curriculum are giving students a raw deal. It will also examine the reasons as to why students seem to dislike history classes. Loewen asserts that much of American history isolates children of color in the manner they ignore that those who contributed greatly to the American history were not whites. He goes further to assert that the nature of history textbooks used in American high schools give insufficient information to students. This in turn affects the academic progress of students who join college to pursue History courses (J. W. Loewen). This is because most of the history classes in college are taken up fixing the information that the students acquired in the high school history lessons. He uses his book to analyze the textbook creation and adoption process, as well as explain causes that makes textbooks to turn out to be bad and of low quality. According to Loewen, history is a collection of stories and should not be boring. However, textbook companies have tendencies of leaving out information that reflect badly on the national character. He also connects the boring nature of history to the fact that â€Å"history textbooks do not use the present to illuminate the past† (Loewen). In this regard, students have difficulties comprehending the relevance and significance of history to their daily lives. Loewen also reveals that students dislike history since the subject is viewed as a morality play; thus, touchy areas in the society are not discussed or taught. He says, â€Å"There are three taboos in textbook publishing†¦social class, religion and sex†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Loewen 34). Loewen asserts that textbooks ignore several historical realities due to many reasons. The main

Monday, July 22, 2019

How to predict the size of the medical school applicant pool for the future Essay Example for Free

How to predict the size of the medical school applicant pool for the future Essay Many approaches can be used to predict the size of medical school applicant pool. To predict the size of the medical pool, several techniques can be used to address the problem. However, the results of the different techniques may vary from one to another. Thus, one should identify the proper technique to be used in the said scenario. Based on the problem background, the predicting technique the can be used to address predicting the size of medical school applicant pool is regression analysis. Regression analysis is statistical technique which has a goal of predicting, modeling and characterizing a problem. Regression analysis was chosen as a technique to predict the applicant pool because regression analysis rely on factors that can affect the result of the prediction model. Regression analysis can be used to identify factors that have great influence on the dependent variable being predicted. In this case, one can use regression analysis to predict applicant pool size depending on the factors that can influence the variable. Being able to determine factors that have great influence on the predicted variable means that the regression model created will give a better prediction of the variable being predicted (Cohen, Cohen, West, Aiken, 2003). Several variables are considered to have an influence on the medical school applicant size. Some of the variables considered include seats given for incoming first year medical students and the quality of the applicants based on their GPA and MCAT results. Other factors can also be included in order to predict the applicant pool size such as the applicant-to-matriculant ratio. The ratio is an important factor identified as it is an indicator of whether medical schools are capable of filling their classes (Garrison, Matthew Jones, 2007). With the use of regression analysis, one can identify factors given above that have great influence on the size of medical school applicant pool. Identifying such influential factors can create a better model that can predict medical school applicant pool. Thus, regression analysis can be used to address the problem of predicting size of medical school applicant pool.

International Human Resource Management At Iceland Business Essay

International Human Resource Management At Iceland Business Essay Current business changes have also led to difference in viewpoint and opinion of strategists who now believe that HRM and Personnel management are two completely different scenarios where HRM is a broader concept mainly responsible for managing a large number of manpower for efficient working of the firm. On the contrary Personnel management is more inclined towards supervision and administration related to payroll and legal scenarios of labour employment. Looking at the working environment of Iceland and other food companies, the difference between personnel management and human resources is quite clear. In the sense that, Human resource management of Iceland encompasses and promotes personnel management tasks and also develops and groom the workforce for attaining maximum efficiency and improving the working of the organization. As personnel management is reactive, human resource management is proactive, involving a holistic approach to continuous development of employee skills to handle personnel related tasks and activities A major difference between the two lies in the fact that personnel management is responsible for employee satisfaction which is realized through incentives , bonuses, rewards etc whereas HRM practice in the firm works on the ground that enhanced performance of employees through challenging work, job creativity etc leads to employee satisfaction. HR Specialists Role and Responsibilities HR specialists are quite influential and have a unique role in managing the human workforce of the firm. Iceland too recognizes the importance of a HR specialist who is mainly responsible to attain and extract the maximum potential and capacity through the firms human workforce. They are involved in functions of staffing, training and development, labor relations etc. on the whole a HR strategists role can be categorized under three main heads, the strategic process, the legal aspects and the operational aspects (Carolyn W, 1992). Under strategic process, HR specialists are involved in: Strategic planning They perform the role of a consultant who advices the management in all key areas A diagnostician who identifies the various loopholes and recommends necessary action for the same innovator/change agent who implements the dynamic changes in the corporate practices of the firm A catalyst who triggers the positive areas of business A cost manager who minimizes cost and maximizes returns. Under legal process, HR specialist performs the role of: Auditor/controller who assesses the companys personnel policies and strategies A consultant who advices the company on personnel matters and issues related to employment laws and other areas A conciliator who acts as a peace maker and negotiator for resolving conflicts and issues arising between different employees and existing workforce (Carolyn W, 1992). From operational perspective, HR specialist Deals with handling daily operations such as staffing, compensation, appraisal, rewards etc Interface between employees and management regarding the framing of employee policies and procedures Coordinating and motivating employees (Carolyn W, 1992). 1.3 Line Managers are Responsible to Manage People at Work Line managers have a special role to play in managing people as they reside in the lower layers of management hierarchy and deal with people who have no obligation or any sort of managerial responsibility (Hutchinson S HYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htmHYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htm Purcell J, 2003). Line managers execute a critical role in implementing HR policies and strategies. Their role revolves around: Managing people effectively Minimizing operational costs to maximum possible extent Extending and forwarding technical advice and guidance Assigning work and allocating tasks Continuous monitoring and supervising work Detect errors and take prompt corrective actions Handling customers effectively Setting standards for measuring operational performance of the firm When it comes to managing people effectively, line managers perform vital functions such as Performance appraisal of employees Imparting training and counselling to new recruits and existing workforce Maintaining proper communication and employee involvement Maintaining work life balance etc Giving due recognition to employees (HYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htmHutchinson S HYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htmHYPERLINK http://www.cipd.co.uk/research/_bringpolstolife.htm Purcell J, 2003) Thus well managed front line managers help in leading high productive and high performing workforce. It is the organizations and senior management responsibility to promote and support capable and efficient line managers by clearly drafting their role and responsibility. RECRUITMENT AND SELECTION PROCESS Human Resource Planning Process in Iceland Iceland being one of the renowned frozen food chains depends a lot on the human resource department which is well managed through s systematic human resources planning process that helps in anticipating the end results of the applied business strategy in regard to the firm human resources. The HR planning also involves the need of required workforce with special skill and competencies to perform the necessary tasks and activities. The Iceland human resource planning process involves the following steps: Analyzing the already existing organizational plans Secondly to forecast the demand of the total headcounts required in the firm Then forecasting the supply, that is obtaining data about current human resource present in the market and future changes Fourthly, the net human resource requirements are finalized considering all the departments of the firm After which, the deployments, retrenchments etc are taken into consideration and future demand is planned In case future deficits are confronted, reference plans are also chalked out. Lastly, the plan to modify and adjust the organizational plan in accordance with the market changes is also taken into account. Analysis After analyzing the human resource planning process of Iceland Company, it can be deducted that the information system regarding human resources is still inadequate. The internal deficiencies are well accounted for but the external market changes are not acknowledged such as the labour market, the current trends in human resources etc are not well adapted into the human resource system. Thus, the global perspective needs to be included in the entire process for giving the procedure a holistic view. The stages involved in the planning process in Iceland consist of: 2.2 Link Between Human Resource Planning and Organization Structured Process. The human resource planning of the firm has a deep impact on the structure of the organization, the needed information and the three stages including strategic, intermediate and operational levels of the planning process in various forms which involve: Organizations work culture is affected if things are taken in a casual and unsystematic manner such as a distance is created between the key decision makers and the workforce, secondly senior management no more remains trustworthy, reduces the contribution from the workforce in terms of creativity, risk taking, new talent is reluctant to be a part of the company, the image of the company is hindered, infact the entire process is impeded. The human resource succession planning is affected which may further lead to improper promotions or demotions, team evaluation, inappropriate performance reviews leads to hindered employee development etc. The operation costs are intensely affected by human resource decisions such as high turnover cost, replacement cost, slack time , hampered motivation, restructuring of employee cost, health cost , increase in insurance costs etc Ultimately the workforce is affected which in turn has an impact on the organizations working and performance such as reduced productivity, sub standard customer service quality etc. 2.3 Interview Selection Technique Evaluation Most of the organizations depend mainly on the interview technique to select the required workforce. Iceland is also one of them where potential candidates are screened and selected by conducting various interviews at different stages of selection process. Iceland is now the only food retailer recognized among the best 25 companies of UK having more than 200 stores running in different countries. Such wide network requires huge labour that is selected after conducting various interviews such as: Preliminary interview Core interview Decision Making Interview Various levels of interviewing help the organization to extract the best talent from the market as the initial rounds help to better general interaction with the candidate and judge his suitability for the job. Many candidates who are not suitable for the organization and its work culture are eliminated right in the beginning of the process that saves a considerable amount of time and cost to the company. Selection by Invitation: one of the methods of selection could be inviting the key executives of competitors by constantly observing their performance and offering them attractive incentives and benefits. Such technique helps in saving tremendous cost and time to the company and attracting the best and experienced candidates. Leasing: Company may benefit by leasing that is employee expert and depute the employees to the needy companies on a lease basis. In regard to which the leasing company charges a reasonable amount. Such kind of activity helps the organization to utilize the resources in the best optimum manner and select candidates as and when required without much hassles. 360Â ° Selection Programme: Involvement of subordinates, employees working at the same level of job are better in determining the skills, knowledge and performance of potential candidates as they are accustomed and tuned to the specific job environment. A 360Â ° appraisal is the best fit between the job and the candidate and at the same time lessens the burden of the superior administrators as well. Thus the above procedure and techniques can help Iceland to put into practice a rigorous and dynamic selection process for attracting the best talent within the organization. The core interviewing is conducted for potential candidates where major emphasis lie on stress interview and probing technique as the candidates are required to deal with customers of various nature and temperament. Depth interviews are also considered where special skills of candidates are examined by judging critical answers to posed questions. Such drilling exercise helps in understanding the mental capacity of individual to handle stress and intense situations. The candidates behaviour during the interview process is a good criteria to determine his reasoning and analytical abilities. Finally the decision making or the final interview is conducted whereby the top authorities or managers examine the interest level of the candidates for the job and find about his acceptance and decide whether to select the candidate or not. Icelands interviewing process is rigorous and in-depth which eliminates the changes of wrong decisions and adding extra cost to the company. Various aspects of interviewing are taken into account which renders the entire process a structured approach. The company is able to select the best pool of talent through its own skills and capabilities. Alternative methods of selection Selection by Invitation: one of the methods of selection could be inviting the key executives of competitors by constantly observing their performance and offering them attractive incentives and benefits. Such technique helps in saving tremendous cost and time to the company and attracting the best and experienced candidates. Leasing: Company may benefit by leasing that is employee expert and depute the employees to the needy companies on a lease basis. In regard to which the leasing company charges a reasonable amount. Such kind of activity helps the organization to utilize the resources in the best optimum manner and select candidates as and when required without much hassles. 360Â ° Selection Programme: Involvement of subordinates, employees working at the same level of job are better in determining the skills, knowledge and performance of potential candidates as they are accustomed and tuned to the specific job environment. A 360Â ° appraisal is the best fit between the job and the candidate and at the same time lessens the burden of the superior administrators as well. Thus the above procedure and techniques can help Iceland to put into practice a rigorous and dynamic selection process for attracting the best talent within the organization. 2.4 Recruitment and Selection Process of Iceland Iceland is regarded to be one of the highest rated among the big companies to hire the best talent available and provide complete staff satisfaction like pay and benefits. The practices and procedures adopted in the selection process by the company are best taking into perspective the legal framework as well. The recruitment and selection procedures of the firm comply with the IPCCs diversity policy which includes the requirement of the following acts: The Sex Discrimination Act, 1975 The Race Relation Act, (1976, 2003) The disability Discrimination Act, 1995 The Employment Equality(Sexual Orientation) Regulation, 2003 The Employment Equality (Religion or Belief) Regulation, 2003 (IPCC, retrieved on 17th September, 2010) All interviews are conducted by authorized panel who design competency based questions. Proper pre and post arrangements for interviews are made and decisions for appointment are based on the content, qualification, performance and the right to work norms in the UK (IPCC, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:ZzAuwNGdp24J:www.ipcc.gov.uk/foi/agreed_recruitment_and_selection_policy-4.pdf+legal+requirements+of+selection+in+UKhlthHYPERLINK http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=vq=cache:ZzAuwNGdp24J:www.ipcc.gov.uk/foi/agreed_recruitment_and_selection_policy-4.pdf+legal+requirements+of+selection+in+UKhl September, 2010) . Proper reference and security checks and clearances are made. Iceland follows complete legal norms to select candidates, hence no major discrepancies are found in the selection procedure. PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES FOR MONITORING AND REWARDING EMPLOYEES 3.1 Iceland Job Evaluation Process Job evaluation is conducted in the firm in order to rank the jobs on the basis of certain duties, responsibilities and performance attached with the job. In accordance to which the pay package is designed and defined keeping the minimum and maximum limits intact. Information about every job type is retrieved through the medium of job analysis questionnaire, job descriptions, observations and interviews involving 360 Â ° selection processes. Based on the above information, each job is rated based on evaluation factors which comprise of: Education Experience (Technical and Commercial) Problem Solving Impact Physical Effort Executive ability Analytical skills Complexity of job Iceland makes use of both the Non quantitative techniques as well the Quantitative Techniques of job evaluation such as the Ranking Methods including paired comparison, simple ranking, points rating method as well. The Equity motivational theory is applicable in Iceland also where the concerned managers should consider the balance between the input and resulting rewards taking into consideration the input factors such as loyalty, diligence, ability, skill, enthusiasm, support, patience, sincerity, trust, relation with superior etc , backed by reward or output in form of financial and no financial rewards such as wage increase, increased job responsibility, recognition, appreciation , tangible monetary benefits, job security etc (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The equity theory works best when the over recognized and benefitted employees are able to produce higher output and quality service and on the contrary the less rewarded employees tend to decrease their output when they compare themselves with other employees. It becomes the utmost responsibility of the managers to link the rewards with the performance and efficiency of the employee. For this consistent development programmes, regular meetings, and discussions can be undertaken to communicate with employees and make things more clear for better understanding and fairly link reward with performance. Such kind of evaluation process is logical and objective in nature as it helps to include the newly created job in the pre existing structure of the firm. The undesirable factors of evaluation are eliminated such as fluctuations in market rate etc and help to attain fair wage and uniformity in fixing wages for all employees. Maximum employee satisfaction is realized by maintaining wage equity and sound evaluation structure. 3.2 Reward System There are different reward systems that can be linked to the organizational compensation packages offered by Iceland to boost up the morale and productivity of employees (Stockley D. 2006)HYPERLINK http://www.google.co.in/search?hl=enq=Motivation+and+financial+and+non-. Monetary Reward System Payment for unproductive work in form of Hours of work Paid holidays Paid vacations Security of employees Retrenchment compensation Lay off Compensation Safety and Health Workmens Compensation Health Benefits Welfare Recreational Facilities Canteen Benefit Housing Benefit Legal Aid Holiday Homes Educational Benefit Transportation benefit Old Age and Retirement Benefits Provident Fund Insurance Gratuity Medical benefits Non Monetary Reward Treats Free Meals Festival bashes Dinners Knick Knacks Accessories Planners Recognition Letters of appreciation Plaques Social Acknowledgement Informal Recognition Solicitation of advice Memberships On the Job Benefit Enhanced responsibility Job rotation Training Special tasks All the above rewards in some form or the other have a deep impact on the performance of employees as: Positive Impact Employees are motivated to work to the best of their potential Build self esteem and confidence Increased loyalty Easy acceptance to change Close bondage between company and self Negative Impact Demotivational impact on employees under conditions of biasness Short sightedness Unhealthy competition 3.3 Motivation Theory and Icelands Reward System Icelands reward system could be directly linked to the Adams Equity Theory of Motivation which believes that the factors of motivation can affect the performance of employees and their relationship with the employer as well (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The theory is based on the belief that if the employees inputs are more in comparison to the benefits or rewards derived, it can lead to employee dissatisfaction and reduced productivity. The Equity motivational theory is applicable in Iceland also where the concerned managers should consider the balance between the input and resulting rewards taking into consideration the input factors such as loyalty, diligence, ability, skill, enthusiasm, support, patience, sincerity, trust, relation with superior etc , backed by reward or output in form of financial and no financial rewards such as wage increase, increased job responsibility, recognition, appreciation , tangible monetary benefits, job security etc (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The equity theory works best when the over recognized and benefitted employees are able to produce higher output and quality service and on the contrary the less rewarded employees tend to decrease their output when they compare themselves with other employees. It becomes the utmost responsibility of the managers to link the rewards with the performance and efficiency of the employee. For this consistent development programmes, regular meetings, and discussions can be undertaken to communicate with employees and make things more clear for better understanding and fairly link reward with performance. 3.4 Iceland Monitoring Strategy Iceland has a well planned strategy to monitor the performance of employees that includes: Reviewing work of employees on a consistent basis Regularly observing the activities of employees and guiding them when require Preparing charts, records and using techniques for measuring performance Encouraging self reporting by employees Timely redressal of complaints and issues for uninterrupted performance The latest methods of performance monitoring are adopted by the company such as the Balanced Scorecard method that involves a holistic approach of monitoring by taking into various perspectives such as customer perspective, financial perspective, training and development perspective and innovative aspect as well. After defining the various factors on which the performance is analyzed such as efficiency, growth, training, development, productivity, behaviour, relations, creativity and innovation at work etc, methods such as Gantt chart is prepared this is a pictorial description of employees performance. Thus, a comprehensive performance analysis is conducted by Iceland which helps to depict a fair view of efforts put in by candidates. The Equity motivational theory is applicable in Iceland also where the concerned managers should consider the balance between the input and resulting rewards taking into consideration the input factors such as loyalty, diligence, ability, skill, enthusiasm, support, patience, sincerity, trust, relation with superior etc , backed by reward or output in form of financial and no financial rewards such as wage increase, increased job responsibility, recognition, appreciation , tangible monetary benefits, job security etc (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The equity theory works best when the over recognized and benefitted employees are able to produce higher output and quality service and on the contrary the less rewarded employees tend to decrease their output when they compare themselves with other employees. It becomes the utmost responsibility of the managers to link the rewards with the performance and efficiency of the employee. For this consistent development programmes, regular meetings, and discussions can be undertaken to communicate with employees and make things more clear for better understanding and fairly link reward with performance. The Equity motivational theory is applicable in Iceland also where the concerned managers should consider the balance between the input and resulting rewards taking into consideration the input factors such as loyalty, diligence, ability, skill, enthusiasm, support, patience, sincerity, trust, relation with superior etc , backed by reward or output in form of financial and no financial rewards such as wage increase, increased job responsibility, recognition, appreciation , tangible monetary benefits, job security etc (Baxamusa N B, retrieved on 17HYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.htmlthHYPERLINK http://www.buzzle.com/articles/equity-theory-of-motivation.html September, 2010). The equity theory works best when the over recognized and benefitted employees are able to produce higher output and quality service and on the contrary the less rewarded employees tend to decrease their output when they compare themselves with other employees. It becomes the utmost responsibility of the managers to link the rewards with the performance and efficiency of the employee. For this consistent development programmes, regular meetings, and discussions can be undertaken to communicate with employees and make things more clear for better understanding and fairly link reward with performance. 4. EXIT FROM THE ORGANIZATION 4.1 Employee exit procedure in Iceland On the contrary, when the exit procedure of Iceland was compared with ASDA it was found that the above procedure was quite similar to ASDA, however ASDA adopts an in-depth interview procedure with extra steps such as analysis of exit interview, reasons for absenteeism, Work Interview, analysis of labour turnover, comprehensive Exit Interview Data analysis judging the company benefits provided etc Analysis The organizations have drafted suitable exit procedures in order to determine the reasons for employee exits, yet they cant be termed as best. They are scope for improvement and modification as little emphasis is laid on the employee background and his contribution towards the organization. A fair view can be extracted only when organizational inputs and employee outputs are compared. Thus while studying about the exit analysis, managers should also emphasize on the employee relations with the firm and subordinates. On the whole, the procedure adopted is satisfactory and solves the purpose for the same. Employee Redundancy Redundancy is a situation when the organization , Iceland for this case decides to dismiss an employee on the basis of ceased business or intended to cease the area of business where the concerned dismiss employee was employed. For the redundancy to actually be called legal, it is necessary that the employee under question must completely vanish. If the organization declares any candidate redundant, it is liable to pay the necessary statutory payment in regard to it. Iceland has adopted certain criterias for declaring an employee redundant, they are: Dismissal cant be on grounds of individual capability but organizational circumstances When certain specific designations are no longer required in the company along with reasons for decease or reduction in business process In the course of a business slow down When a specific business line is altogether eliminated from the organizations business portfolio If the employees who are to be redundant are more than twenty, then the matter is to be put forward for consultation with the employees representative before making a final decision Reasons for selecting few employees from the group for redundancy The selection criteria is not based on any unfair means such as race, age, sex or any disability Conclusion Iceland has been able to formulate a systematic and well organized human resource management policy and strategy in the organization, keeping into consideration all the details right from human resource planning to redundancy. Their recruitment and selection criteria are as per the norms of the UK government and in accordance with the legal requirements as well. The company aims to impart maximum employee satisfaction in all respects.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Questions and Answers on Employee Motivation

Questions and Answers on Employee Motivation Question.01. How can expectancy theory be used to explain the differences in motivation between Alex and Katrien? What specifics from the case apply to expectancy theory? Answer: Expectancy theory[1] states that the strength of a tendency to act in a certain way depends on the strength of an expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. They are both college students so the expected result would be that they would have similar opportunities and pay. Katrien is given many elements in the job characteristics model such as task identity and autonomy since she is able to create a product at the culinary center and see it to completion while Alex is placed in one area without any other tasks that could be considered motivational. Alex doesnt believe that performing at a certain level will attain a desired outcome like additional pay. The rewards are not consistent with his needs. For example, stocking more produce may only result in a sticker which has no value or little value for Alex while Katrien has the opportunity to make an additional $75.00 for attempting to sell 10 expensiv e bottles of truffle oil that is not only challenging but also adds value by helping her pay the bills.(high expectancy). Question.02. Alex states that he is underpaid for the work he does. What motivational theory does this apply to, and how would it explain Alexs behavior? Answer: Alex is underpaid and thus equity theory[3] could help explain his behavior. Also, the job characteristics theory could be applied since he is stuck in the produce department devoid of the other components of the model like skill variety or task significance. Denise has a shorter term in the market and gets paid more which adds to the inequitable situation. The environment, the repetitive work and the unfair treatment are all disincentives for Alex so his behavior is consistently negative. Question.03. Using concepts from organizational justice, explain why Alex knocks his bosss lunch to the floor. What should Alexs boss do to improve the fairness of his treatment? Answer: Both distributive and procedural justice[5] are components because of his pay and the fact that Jacque is treating Denise more favorably. Distributive justice is the perceived fairness of the outcome and this case he does not believe that he is being rewarded fairly. Alex has an issue with procedural justice in that Jacque has a bias for Denise and therefore Alex believes that the process is unfair. He knocks his lunch to the floor when he perceives a problem with interactional justice when Jacque interrupts his lunch with Katrien and he feels that he is not respected. Although he has 45 minutes for lunch, Jacque always wants him to return within 30 minutes, which is once again unfair treatment as compared to other employees. Question.04. Using concepts from the emotions and moods chapter, explain why Alex retaliates toward his supervisor. Was his behavior driven purely by emotion, or did cognition also play a role? How so? Answer: Alexs emotions are negative. He is exhibiting a negative effect, which is a mood state that is displaying his stress level, anxiety and irritability toward his boss and the climate in which he is employed. His retaliation is an emotional reaction to the poor treatment that he has endured from his boss and the favorable treatment toward Denise. Cognition plays a role since Alex is aware of his environment and has been trying to make sense of the injustices. His ultimate emotional response with Jacques sandwich was a result of an accumulation of perceived inequities. Question.05. Compare and contrast Alex and Katrien in terms of each persons level of work stress. How might stress affect their attitudes and behaviors within their work environment? Answer: Katrien consistently has a smile on her face and her level of job satisfaction is high. She has been given a variety of tasks and her job is fulfilling, therefore her level of work stress is low. In contrast, Alexs stress level is high with many perceived injustices and boring work. His attitude and behavior are poor and negative respectively since their managers have different styles of Theory X for Alex and Theory Y for Katrien. Alex will quit as soon as he finds another job while Katrien is content with her position and present challenges. Question.06. Discuss Alex and Katrien in terms of each persons job attitudes (for example, job satisfaction and organizational commitment). What factors might be responsible for any differences? Answer: Again, the attitudes including job satisfaction and organizational commitment are positive for Katrien and negative for Alex. As mentioned, Alex is looking to leave the organization while Katrien is given more responsibilities and challenges. Her job satisfaction is high while his is low. Many factors mentioned earlier have contributed to this situation from the differences in managers and their respective styles to the biases and injustices including unfair treatment and inequitable pay that all contribute to a poor working environment and a lack of motivation on Alexs part. Robbins/Judge, Organizational Behavior,13th Edition, Pearson Education,2009, Pages 231237 Robbins/Judge, Organizational Behavior,13th Edition, Pearson Education,2009, Pages 233-234 Robbins/Judge, Organizational Behavior,13th Edition, Pearson Education,2009, Pages 234236 Robbins/Judge, Organizational Behavior,13th Edition, Pearson Education,2009, Pages 229236 Robbins/Judge, Organizational Behavior,13th Edition, Pearson Education,2009, Page 229 Robbins/Judge, Organizational Behavior,13th Edition, Pearson Education,2009, Pages 285-293

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Hemingways The Sun Also Rises Essay -- Hemingway Sun Also Rises Essay

Hemingway's The Sun Also Rises The title and narrative focus of Ernest Hemingway’s The Sun Also Rises are rooted in a passage from the Ecclesiastes. In referencing this book of the Hebrew Bible, Hemingway resorts to aged scripture to unearth steadfast truths. His novel uses old-world beliefs to provide a solution for modern day issues, asserting the undeniable value of tradition. The applicability of the Ecclesiastes passage to Hemingway’s portrait of hopelessness in the post-Great War generation demonstrates that a reconnection with the natural world will reverse the unnatural consequences of a meaningless war and permit the reestablishment of hope within the following generation. The historicity and context of Hemingway’s opening reference to the Ecclesiastes demonstrates that an attachment to the natural world enables renewal. By reusing an ancient text to precede an interpretation of changes in 20th century expatriates, Hemingway illustrates the everlasting pertinence of its context. This effect establishes that textual traditions endure throughout time. To substantiate this inference, the context of Hemingway’s reference employs the likeminded rational that the overriding nature of the earth is everlasting simultaneous to alterations in generations of its inhabitants. To emphasize the enduring quality of the earth, the Ecclesiastes excerpt illustrates the interminably cyclical route traveled by the sun, wind, and rivers. In contrast to the linear quality of the Ecclesiastical observation that, â€Å"one generation passeth away, and another generation cometh† (p. 7), the earth retains its cycle, unaffected by the mortality of pas sing generations. By referencing a relationship between man and the earth that is define... ...xample of a reduced product of the war. His castration inhibits natural progression and, consequently, his attachment with nature. In Hemingway’s conclusion, Jake pursues the desire to reconnect with Brett, yet the effects of the war inhibit a return to tradition. Brett’s statement â€Å"we could have had such a damned good time together† (p. 251) illustrates the undeniable strain of Jake’s castration that prevents the realization of natural emotions. Nevertheless, the Ecclesiastes preference projects hope with, â€Å"all the rivers run into the sea; yet the sea is not full† (p. 7). This generation, harmed by the unnatural and purposeless war, has great obstacles in reconnecting with the natural world. Yet, subsequent generations will continue traditions begun before this unnatural intrusion. Works Cited: Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. New York: Scribner, 1926.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Alcatraz Essay -- essays research papers

As the cold waters rush into the San Francisco Bay, they crash up against an island standing in the strait. This rock is hidden by the fog and isolated by the chilling waters of the Pacific that flow in and out every day. It has a gloom that hangs about its rocky face most know it as Alcatraz but the men who experienced this island, referred to her as â€Å"The Rock†. To the men confined there, it is not only the ultimate in isolation but the most ironic because they are there in the midst of the activity of a busy harbor with small craft darting to and from San Francisco, Oakland, Alameda, Berkeley, Richmond, and Sausalito; within sound of the honking horns of a ceaseless procession of automobiles crossing the bridges; within sight of ocean liners as they glide through the Golden Gate to far away ports in the vast Pacific, and within sight and sound of air clippers and their buzzing motors, all reminding them that life is near but freedom is so far. James A. Johnston Alcatra z was the dreaded prison of all criminals. This penitentiary was a sign of long term confinement and isolation. The island has gone through many changes in its time, from serving as a military fort in the mid 1850s, as a military prison in the early 1900s, as a national prison in the mid 1900s and, as it is today, serving as a national museum and park. The military took this island as a fort in 1909 and construction of a concrete cellblock was started on the uppermost plateau of the island. It was used as a military prison during these years. However, it soon became over crowded and three years later construction of the new cell house took place. Once completed, the inmates were moved into this cellhouse which had spacious cells, and more importantly, central heating. In addition, a well-equipped medical facility was now available onsite, thus eliminating the need to transfer sick, yet dangerous, inmates off the island for care in hospitals on the main land. Life on Alcatraz, popularly named as â€Å"The Rock†, was not easy for the inmates. During the early years on Alcatraz, incarceration meant hard labor on the grounds of the island. However, by the mid 20’s, rumors began to circulate about the country of unspeakable conditions the inmates had to endure on the island. Outcry from the public persisted, forcing the military to make a decision. Faced with the expense of operating the island an... .... The salt water from the bay had taken its toll on the prison. The concrete in the cellhouses and other buildings absorbed much of the salt from the air and were quickly disintegrating. This is why it was so easy for this last escape to take place. It was estimated that it would take close to 5 million dollars to repair Alcatraz. That was a cost that the government was not willing to spend. The operating costs of Alcatraz were also looked over. The cost of shipping food and other supplies to the island was becoming more expensive and it was found that it was no longer cost efficient to keep â€Å"The Rock† in use. In 1963 Alcatraz was closed down by the decision of Robert F. Kennedy. Despite the closing of Alcatraz as a prison, there is still activity among these rocks. This island, formerly a place of solitude and desolation, now serves as a National Park and museum. The Golden Gate National Recreation Area was established in 1972 and Alcatraz was included as one of these parks. Over one million people visit â€Å"The Rock† each year, including tourists from around the globe. The island of Alcatraz has become one of the most popular attractions in the Bay Area and its stories live on.

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: English Literature:

Mary Shelley's Frankenstein looks at the consequences of mans attempts to meddle in the creation of life. In the 21st century, with its scientific and technological advancements does her story still have an important message for humankind? Steven Foster Mary Shelley's 'Frankenstein' looks at the consequences of mans attempts to meddle in the creation of life. In the 21st century, with its scientific and technological advancements does her story still have an important message for humankind? In Frankenstein Mary Shelley is trying to convey many messages, but the most important one of these is that it is not man's business to do the jobs of the gods which is why Victor Frankenstein tells his story in the first place. I believe that it is still worth hearing this message as we are doing the same thing again; we have the technology to create a human being from scratch and nearly enough to choose what it looks like. Only the other day for example on the news they were showing how scientists could choose the sex of a baby. Mary Shelley intended the book as a warning, the story was told within the book as a warning and it was as if Victor Frankenstein was telling the story to the people of the time. The reason she wrote the book in the form of a warning was because at the time many sudden advancements led people to believe that they would soon understand and be able to create life. This did not happen but in our time we are realistically close to being able to do these things so the warning is still relevant as it talks about issues that haven't happened yet. Most of the characters in the book are there to fulfill a purpose, Robert Walton is in the book so that Frankenstein can warn someone about the dangers of pursuing a dream and so he can tell the story "learn from me, if not by my precepts, then at least by my example, how dangerous is the acquirement of knowledge, and how much happier that man is who believes his native village to be the world, than he who aspires to become greater than his nature will allow". The monster is in the book to be the result of an experiment as in the above analogy would be the killer bees who were designed to create more honey than ordinary bees who then escaped and have wiped out all other types of bees, like the monster who was intended to be the first of a new race "A new species would bless me as their creator" This quote

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Glue Sniffing Practices Street Children Health And Social Care Essay

Harmonizing to Child Workers In Nepal Concerned Centre street kids are those who are wholly street based, working and populating in the street.They could be orphans or abandoned kids or merely ignored or runways they could be with or without household. They could hold small or no contact with their several households. The job of street kids is cosmopolitan and is relatively really high in those states where there is rapid urbanisation. The figure of street kids has grown in recent decennaries because of broad spread recession, political convulsion, civil agitation, increasing household decomposition, natural catastrophe and turning urbanisation. [ 1 ] Street kids are among the high hazard and insecure group and they are accordingly more vulnerable to assorted types of substance maltreatment, and most common types are dissolvers and inhalants. [ 1 ] WHO estimates that globally,25 % to 90 % of street kids involved in substance maltreatment.Problem statementGlobalHarmonizing to WHO appraisal, there are more so 100 million street kids in the universe and more so 25 million are from developing states and most of them are adolescent. A study based on study conducted by WHO indicated that it reaches about 25-30 million in developed states. [ 2 ] Surveies suggest that 80-90 % of street kids in Latin America have some contact with their households. Surveys besides indicate that street kids in Latin America are 8-17 old ages old, with 9 old ages old being the mean age upon come ining the street. Girls consist 10-15 % of street kids and Black and assorted race kids may be over-represented among street kids in the part. [ 3 ] Street kids cited a figure of grounds for being on the streets. These includes gaining income, being orphaned, maltreatment by stepfathers/stepmothers/some relations, unequal attention and support by parents or defenders and peer force per unit area. Although substance abuse among kids in India has been documented for over a decennary, volatile substance abuse ( VSM ) is a relatively recent phenomenon there.. Reported sensed benefits include enhanced physical strength, decreased shyness, sleep initiation, experiencing good, and blunting physical and psychological hurting. Identified hazard factors include domestic force, a dictatorial male parent, presence of stepparents, migratory position, and substance usage in the household. [ 4 ] A survey on street kids in Delhi among 115 male street kids aged 6-16 revealed that more than half of the topics had indulged in substance usage before coming to the observation place. The agents consumed were nicotine, inhalants, intoxicant and cannabis.Substance usage in street kids is associated with unstable places and ill-treatment. [ 5 ] There are an estimated 3,500-5,000 street kids populating on the streets of Lahore, Pakistan. A disproportional figure of these kids use drugs and engage in survival sex as get bying mechanisms. Of the entire sample, 17.0 % reported ne'er holding used drugs, 15.9 % reported being former drug users, and 67.1 % reported holding used drugs in the month before enrollment. Participants were 96 % male childs with a average age of 13 old ages. The average length of life on the streets was 18 months, and 52.7 % had of all time been arrested by the constabulary. Odd occupations, beggary, and pickpocketing were the primary beginnings of reported income. [ 6 ] A cross-sectional analytical survey of street kids on local authorities country of South western Niegeria showed that, the average age was 16.2 A ± 1.3 old ages, and there were more males ( 58.3 % ) than females. Most of the respondents ( 65 % ) were still populating with their parents. Fifty-three per cent of the respondents were current psychotropic substance users and the five commonest substances used were kola nut ( 58.6 % ) , intoxicant ( 43.6 % ) , baccy ( 41.4 % ) , marijuana ( 25.4 % ) and â€Å" sokudaye † Similarly, low connection with female parent and friends and low parental presence were significantly associated with current substance usage. [ 7 ] ( mentions: relationship as determiners of substance usage amongst street kids in a local authorities country in south western Niegeria. )NationalIn 1992 CWIN estimated that around 5000 have landed on the street of metropoliss of Nepal.Furthermore, the population of the street kids in Kathmandu entirely estimated by CWIN was around 1200 in 1996.CWIN was reported 330 new street kids in kthmandu in 1997 ; nevertheless they estimated entire figure around 1000. Their figure has shot up three creases within 10 old ages & A ; this job in Nepal will present a existent menace in future, particularly if the current tendencies towards unsupervised urbanisation continues. [ 8 ] In Nepal, the sum estimated figure of street kids is 40,000, in urban Centres. CWIN estimates that there are about 800-900 street kids in Kathmandu vale. [ 8 ] Harmonizing to CWIN, the overall usage of baccy is 55 % among street kids. Between 25-90 % of street kids use substances of one sort or other. Glue sniffing is emerging tendency in Nepal. It is fast going an dependence among street kids in Kathmandu.the current prevelant of glue whiffing among street kids is 51.7 % in Kathmandu valley.19.7 % have started utilizing glue two old ages ago,34.4 % started a twelvemonth ago and 27.9 % started merely few months back. [ 9 ] Glue sniffing can be termed as ‘group activity'among street children.95.1 % kids use gum with friends,77 % usage gum in equal influence and 60.7 % kids sniff glue day-to-day. [ 9 ]Rationale of the survey ( justification )Glue sniffing and street kids both are major public wellness every bit good as societal job in Nepal. Harmonizing to UN convention on the right of kid, every kid has the right to profit from societal security & A ; protection from development and drug maltreatment ; glue sniffing among street kids is comparatively new tendency and seems to be increasing in dismaying gait around the universe and in Nepal excessively. Besides as a personal intrest of kid and adolescent wellness, it is traveling to carry on.Research inquiry1 ) what is the position of glue whiffing among street kids? 2 ) what are the assorted factors which contribute street kids to whiff gum?Aims1 ) General aim: To happen out the position of gum sniffing and factors impacting it among street kids. 2 ) specific aims: I ) to place the form and frequence of glue sniffing. two ) to place the grounds why street kids sniff gum. three ) to measure the cognition about harmful effects of glue sniffing.VariablesDependent variable Glue whiffing two ) Independent variable A ) demographic variable a ) Age of the street kids B ) Sexual activity of the street striplings degree Celsius ) Educational position B ) Family support C ) Peer force per unit area D ) Easy handiness of gum Tocopherol ) Hunger F ) Entertainment G ) income of street kids H ) Risk taking behaviour I ) Growth of pack activityConceptual Modelincome Age Sexual activity Educational position Glue whiffing among street childrenFamilysupport growing of pack amusement handiness equal force per unit area hazard taking behaviour hungrinessoperational definition1 ) Glue: A gluey substance used for fall ining things ; such as connection places, rug, etc. 2 ) sniffing: Substance which is straight sprayed or inhaled into the oral cavity. 3 ) street kids: kids who are completly street based, working and populating in the street. 4 ) Education: Educational position of street kids is categorized into illetrate, read and compose, primary and secondary.Research methodological analysis1.study design: The survey design will be descriptive, crosssectional and explorative to run into the aims. 2.Study method: To run into the aims, both quantitative every bit good as qualitative attack will be applied. The quantitative attack provides numerical consequences, that can be used to see the form, frequence and factors of issues being studied. On the other manus, the qualitative attack will be used for aggregation of information on issues that are hard to obtain from a quantitative study. Thus information obtained from each attack will be used as complementary to the other. 3.Site choice: Different countries of Kathmandu ( i.e Basasntapur, kalopul, Setopul, Gausala, Samakhusi, Dillibazar ) is selected purposively because Kathmandu entirely contains 900-1200 street kids as appraisal done by CWIN. Besides it is easy accessible and economic topographic point to make research in context from Institute Of Medicine. 4.Study population: The survey population will be the street kids of age 6-16 old ages, nowadays at the clip of informations aggregation. 5.Sampling technique: Non Probability sampling. 6.Unit of analysis: Individual 7.Sample size: For the computation of sample size, following expression will be used: N= Z2pq /L2 Where, P= % engagement of street kids in gum sniffing ( Current prevalence of glue sniffing is 51.7 % among street kids of ktm vale, harmonizing to CWIN ) q= 1-p = 100-51.7= 48.3 % L= Allowable error=20 % of P =0.1034 Therefore, n =90. ( Recalculate the sample size, it would be 98 )Tools of informations aggregationInterview agenda: The structured and semistructured questionnaire will be used to roll up the information. Case survey guideline: Few instance surveies will be done to examine into sensitive issues every bit good as for aggregation of information on issues that are hard to obtain from quantitative study.TechniquesInterview: interview will be conducted among street kids by utilizing structured and semistructured questionnaire. Case survey: instance survey will be conducted among 5-10 kids by the usage of instance survey guideline.Data processing and analysisRaw informations will be decently edited and coded in the same twenty-four hours of informations aggregation in order to simplify the informations entry. Data of questionnaire will be entered in Epiinfo plan. Data analysis will be done in footings of per centum distribution. What about the qualitative informations?Validity and ReliabilityValidity and dependability of the survey is ensured by the undermentioned steps: Tools will be prepared as per the suggestion & A ; counsel of research usher. Pretesting of the tools will be done prior to the survey in a similar population. Important research categories and appropriate supervising by instructors. Researcher himself will be involved in the procedure of informations aggregation.Ethical considerationsPurpose and aims of the survey will be clarified to each respondent. Informed consent will be obtained from the participants before get downing interview. The collected informations will be used merely for the aim of the survey. Confidentiality & A ; privateness of the information provided by the participant will be maintained every bit far as possible.Restrictions of the surveyThis survey is limited in clip and resource. Due to little survey sample the result of the research may non generalise the full mark population. Random sampling is non possible due to dispersing of the sample population. All respondents may non give right information due to vacillation.Proposed budget

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Research on the Australian Education Export Industry Essay

Executive SummaryThe hobby report provides a detail psychoanalysis of the four firmaments in the fosterage diligence in Australia, which atomic rate 18 spiriteder(prenominal) facts of support, vocational didactics and Training ( follow), side of meat deli genuinely intensive Courses for Overseas schoolchilds (ELICOS) and the schools.The report starts interlingual rendition trends from the constancy in Australia, analyzing nume place of insertments and commencements of disciples in each orbit, as tumefy as their nationalities. With these amount we father an everyplaceall creative thinker of the scenario, which charges that higher(prenominal)(prenominal) procreation is the Over perform argona, followed by ELICOS, be and schools. A sanction stage of the fount for is the PESTEL analyze, which observes the Political, stinting, Social, Technological and intelligent conditions of Australia, with the conclusion that Australia has a s gameboard g all overnmen t, unattackable economy and high currency, bang-up graphic symbol of life, invests widely in technology and gives incentives to external disciples to come to Australia. The entropy provided by PESTEL helped with the swot analyzes of the industry and aras in Australia.The findings shows opportunities manly in students that hap in much than than superstar wrinkle in Australia, which already lure us to consider ELICOS as a good arena to invest. After the inessential information gathered, a qualitative question was created and is here feeded showing that all the interviewed supranational students be having a positive take over sex in Australia and more than half would enroll in a various course subsequently finishing the modern one. As a result of the findings, ELICOS course was crowned as a advance option of investing since higher commandment has risks of high be and perceive prize.Private inventions galloping ELICOS and old hand come up as an her etofore fall in choice, since al intimately one hind end of foreign students progress from ELICOS to old hand. New entropy Wales is recognized as a better location for investment, since the majority of students rent that call forth as a destination. A some schools offering ELICOS and veterinarian were identified as an option for investment, however a more detailed analyses of their internal info would be necessary to point reveal with matter of course which one would be the outperform option.1. foundation1.1 Background scholars from all some the human choose Australia as a champaign destination, wishing to gain a superlative degree-grade breeding. Each stratum, Australia becomes neverthe slightmore popular, with legion(predicate) novel global students enrolling in courses just ab out(a) the verdant. In 2013, 526,9321 outside(a) students enrolled in education programs in Australia, representing a 2.6% increase over 2012. almost of the supranational stud ents in the sylvan argon correctioning in the Higher precept sector, followed by the Vocational nurture and Training (VET) sector, the English Language Intensive Courses for Overseas students (ELICOS) sector and the schools sector.1.2 Purpose of announceThe aim of this report is to research astir(predicate) the education export industry in Australia. The report was commissioned by the conclave April with the aim to analyze the trends in the adjacent education sectors VET, ELICOS, Higher gentility and supplemental School courses. The Market Trends testament be interpreted in order to order their impact on the education sector, as fountainhead as potential opportunities and threats to the industry.2. interpreting Market TrendsFor the purpose of this research we forget analyze the build of supranational students commencements (number of students starting time a forward-looking-fangled course) and enrollments (enrolling in a course) in the dry land. According to Aus tralian preparation International, the total value of commencements and enrolments students has been erecting steadily in the rifle ten age. We leave behind analyze the data the number of multinational students from all sectors from 2010 to 2013. The avocation map shows the unofficial of commencements from 2010-2013.Chart 01 International Students Commencements from 2012 to 2013Source http//www.austrade.gov.au/Education/Student-Data/2013/In addition to that data, we likewise cast off the dishearten below, comparing the number of commencements and enrolments per year and course Table 01 Enrolments and Commencements from 2012 to 2013With the data provided, we plenty imagine that in 2013 Higher Education sphere of influence class-conscious first by leger of commencements and enrolments. VET had the secondlargest volume of enrolments tho third gear in commencements. ELICOS ranked second in volume of commencements, lone(prenominal) if third in enrolments. From 2012 to 2013, the number of commencements in Higher Education increased by 8.1%. The ELICOS commencements as well registered 21% growth in the equal period. The VET sector commencements devour been declining in the last 4 old age, but had only a minor fall down from 2012 to 2013 (0.1%). Schools accounted for only 2.9% of commencements, declining steadily in the onetime(prenominal) years.It is possible to nonice that change surface though Higher Education is the over performing sector, ELICOS is similarly gaining more relevance over the sometime(prenominal) years. The Chart 01 shows that VET sector has been declining over the years. When considering number of enrolments for each sector, the covering nationalities differ amidst the categories. The Australian government activity also provides the following data Higher Education enrolments chinaware (39.9%) and India (7.2%) VET India (21.5%), chinaware (10.5%), republic of Korea (7.3%) and Thailand (6.6%) ELICOS china (25%) , brazil nut (8.7%) and Thailand (7.9%)Schools China (46%) and Vietnam (10%)The top five nationalities present in number of enrolments in 2013 contributed to 52.1% of the total, which were China (28.5%), India (9.3%), Republic of Korea (5.2%), Vietnam (4.9%) and Thailand (4.1%). When looking directly at students endorse disposed(p), the last five years entertain also showed a majority of Chinese, Indians and Koreans students, differing only in the last two countries. The map below shows the student endorse applications granted by the top five countries of telephone line Chart 02 STUDENT endorse APPLICATIONS given(p) BY TOP FIVE COUNTRIES OF ancestorSource http//www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/abs.nsf/ lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Dec+2011 Accessed on 29/10/2014As per the chart above, China represents the majority of planetary students, with approximately 50 thousands student visa granted in 2011. China also represented in 2013 the majority numbers for all education sectors. Also, over 90% of Chinese ELICOS students went on to do further oeuvre in Australia in 2012.2 The Australian Financial refresh points out thatthe most likely lawsuits why Australia became a destination for so numerous Chinese students apprise be overdue(p) to the increase of the middle class of the republic and the geographical proximity to Australia.3 India comfort represents the second largest group of global students, even after drastically dropping from 2009 and on. The dim on numbers came specifically after a series of attacks on Indian students in 2009.4 to the south Korea comes in third in the represented numbers of granted visa, followed by Malaysia and Brazil. There is also a strong relationship between the Australian dollar bill footmarks with the number of students commencements per year. The table below shows the number of students commencements versus the average rate for AUD/USD Dollars. YearIt becomes even more pronounced when represented in a chart how one compute is influencing the new(prenominal). The lowest the Australian dollar rate is, the higher the number of commencements becomes. On the separate hand, as the Australian dollar rate increases the commencements decreases proportionally. The following data apprise be seen in the following chartChart 1.1. Students Commencements vs Australian Dollar Rates2.1Over do and Under Performing SectorsAnalyzing the numbers of commencements of each area in the last 4 years, it is possible to imagine that the three Over Performing sectors would be Higher Education, ELICOS and VET. The three Underperforming sectors are schools, VET and ELICOS. Compared to the three other sectors, the Schools sector is atrophied and has been declining over the past years. To proceed with the reading of which sector would be more enkindle to invest on, a PESTEL (Political, Economical, Social, Technological, environmental and Legal) and rise (Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats) analysis v olition be do.2.2 PESTEL psychoanalysisThe following analysis intend to get a line the Political, Economical, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal Australian conditions, in order to provide enough data to clearly present its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats afterwards. PoliticalThe Australian judicature is a constitutional monarchy, macrocosm under a federal system. For that reason, Australia can be considered a stable country. The Government also has innumerous initiatives regarding external students, much(prenominal) as the International Students Strategy of Australia. With those initiatives, Australias Government acknowledges the importance of international students for the country and seeks to protect the countrys constitution for high- woodland education and for cosmos a safe, accept and culturally diverse place to live.7EconomicalThe Australian economy has learnd unceasing growth and also features contained inflation. It is one of the large st capitalist economies in the world with a rough-cut Domestic Product (GDP) of US$998.3 one thousand thousand (2013 est). The service sector dominates the economy, accounting for close 70% of GDP and 75% of jobs. 8The unemployment rates are considered low (6.1% in folk of 2014), however the part-time employment has reduced new-fangledly.Those numbers may reckon international students, since they can only compute on part-time contracts. The Australian Dollar gold has been chief(prenominal)tained stable over the past a few(prenominal) years, valuing 0.88 US dollars in October 2014. A strong currency is a factor of outstanding impact on international students, since the exchange rates may affect their decision. 9SocialAustralia population is quiet by a majority of pureness people (92%), followed by Asians (7%) and aboriginal and other (1%). The official diction is English, which is one the main reasons for international students to choose it as a destination. Its consi dered a welcoming country for people from overseas. Australia is also known per its high eccentric of life, safeness and great education institutions.EnvironmentalThe weather conditions and the natural landscape in Australia are positive aspects of the country when seen by students. Travelling sake has a major impact on students decision.TechnologicalAustralia is a modern country that invests in unalterable evolution of its Technology. The Government invests heavily in national science agencies, as well as providing round AU$2.5 cardinal to Universities10 to support research and research cultivation activities, and this is complemented by research funding from the mystic sector, non-profit organizations and state governments. That factor talent forms in the Higher Education numbers for international students. Analyzing the worldwide situation, we can also point out that the technological changes have been providing advances in several sectors, as well as education. With the improvement in technological resources and net utilization speed, a wide variety of courses online are be offered even by top quality know universities. That factor might also have great influence in students decision.LegalThere are some(prenominal) requirements for applying to a student visa in Australia,which had also been in uninterrupted change by dint ofout the last few years. Most of the Government reforms were introduced in rejoinder to the Knight Review (2011) of Australias student visa system, such as the satiny visa processing and new ar ordinatements for post-study work visas. At the same time that changes came to assuage the students application, it can give a minus image to international students, since theres always a risk of changes in the law if theres an interest to renew their VISA.2.3 deck upThe following SWOT analyses entrust provide data rough the education industry as well as the sectors in Australia, pointing out its Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportu nities and Threats.StrengthsHigh-quality education Australia is a worldwide destination to many students by its top quality of education. Australias English language teaching is principally highly regarded worldwide. Permission to work and study The student visa permission to work up to 40 hours fortnightly is a decision factor by many students that have to work while studying. law of proximity to Asian countries Considering that many Asian countries look for English speaking countries to study, Australia stands out for its proximity to the continent.Highest quality of life Australian has the highest quality of life in the world, according to the OECD smash Life Index organization, analyzing the categories income, housing, jobs, community, education, environment, civic engagement, health, life satisfaction, safety, and work-life balance. Tourist VISA and working vacation students Many international students come to Australia through tourist visas or working holyday visas, being a llowed to study ELICOS to up to 14 weeks in the first case and 4 months in the second one. That gives an extra advantage for this sector, since they are easier to apply to.WeaknessVISA requirements Australian VISA requirements changed recently in 2012, judge the recommendations of Knight11. Event though it brought positive changes to comfort the VISA process, the constant changes in VISA requirements might make long landmark students consider if any changes will solace come up. High price and competitors countries quality Australia waspointed by a HSBC report as the most expensive destination for higher education for international students. Besides that, when it comes to perceived quality of higher education, it was ranked in 5th by Chinese parents (staying arsehole USA, UK, Germany and Hong Kong). 12OpportunitiesGrowth in numbers of higher education international students a new British Council report has predicted that the number of international students of higher education wi ll reach 3.8 million by 2014.13 fortify of the student VISA from Canada and USA With modifications in student VISA requirements of competitors countries, Australia comes up as an option for new students. Major events in the country Major events are much being held by Australia, calling international attention and being an extra reason for students to choose the country as a destination. The Commonwealth games, which will be held in 2018 in the Gold Coast, might have a big influence in student numbers, especially for short-term courses (such as ELICOS). Students progression from distinguishable sectors Many students progress from ELICOS to higher education or VET, most likely had been on a portion arrangement where the ELICOS study was a prepare for undertaking the next course. 14ThreatsChanges in New Zealand student visa The recent changes in New Zealand student visa now allows more English language students to work part-time, becoming a even bigger competitor to Australia as a n destination.15 Crimes against international students Any crimes and racist acts against international students have an impact in international students numbers. With the maul of four international students in Brisbane since November of 201316, the image by national and international media can damage the safeness image of the country.3.0 Approach for researchAfter our secondary research about the education market in Australia, a qualitative study was made with international students in order to find out the reasons and influences that made them choose to study in the country. Anonline questionnaire was made and answered by 18 students.3.1 soft AnalysisThe nationalities interviewed were Brazil, USA, Chile, Spain, Italy, Czech Republic and France, from which 61% were Brazilians, 11% Italians and 28% of each other nationality. Chart 03 subject areaitiesHalf of the students are enrolled on ELICOS courses, one third on VET and 17% on Higher Education. none of the interviewed is stu dying on secondary school. The schools of study vary between the following ILSC Brisbane, Shafston, Queensford, ALS, Queensland honorary society of Technology, TAFE, Bond University, University of Western Australia, Australian College Sports andFitness, Hetc Harvest, oral exam College and Melbourne University.All the interviewed students declared that their know in Australia has been positive so far and 67% would enroll for another course in the country and consider living in Australia permanently (from which 22% are current ELICOS students). More than half of the students (56%) considered studying in a different country in advance choosing Australia, being mentioned the following New Zealand, Canada, USA, Ireland, southwesterly Africa, UK and Germany. An open question also asked the students to advert briefly why their experience in Australia has been positive or negative, and it was mentioned the different cultures/nationalities present in the country, opportunity to meet new people, personal and professional growing, independence, improvement of English, great quality of life, good weather, new challenges and travelling (Refer to appendix 1 for further details).4.0 Recommended SectorThe following element will apologize which sector have been identified as the best business opportunity, based on the interpretations of marketing trends and qualitative analysis sections of this project. base on the report findings, we can see that two sector are in great advantage Higher Education and ELICOS. While Higher Education has been the sector over performing in the last years, the forecast for that sector maynot be favorable especially due to the competition of different countries that offer bring down be of studying and are change magnitude high-quality study reputation. To open a new University or other Higher Education school would be a great risk for investors, considering that it would take time to sort their brand awareness and reputation. More tha n that, the costs for acquireing an existing undercover institution would be much greater in that sector.The second over performing sector was considered ELICOS, since the numbers of commencements and enrolments have been increasing constantly. When it comes to ELICOS, it is also an entry door to other courses in Australia as many students that proceed from ELICOS to VET or Higher Education. ELICOS students may also be on student visas (currently around 60%) or visitor, working pass or other VISAS (around 40%).17 ELICOS sector is also divided in a wide range of courses, where as the main courses offered in Australia are General English, English for Academic Purposes, Exam Preparation Course, English for Special Purposes, English for Teaching and plain Tour. These options are nearly aligned to the pauperization of the students, attracting all sorts of international students. 4.1Competitor AnalysisELICOS courses are provided in a wide range of institutions and sectors. Accordin g to the Knights review (2011), the ELICOS activities occur in almost all parts of the international education sector Unpublished National English Language Training (ELT) Accreditation arrangement (NEAS) research shows that of the 269 active providers in 2010, nose candy were standalone ELICOS providers, 99 were secret VET providers and another 18 were in public owned VET providers, 32 were universities and the retain 20 were schools. The numbers of ELICOS students in the different providers also varied significantly. 24 providers had a condenser for 50 or less students. 81 providers had a capacity for between 51 and 150 students. But more than half of all registered providers, 164, had a capacity for more than 150 students at a time. (KNIGHT, 2011, p. 64)18Considering that data, it is a better investment to buy an existing institution than opening a new one, since there are a wide number of competitors already. Since the majority of students choose to study in NewSouth Wales , as we can see per the chart below, the best investment would be in NSW state. Chart 07 International Student Enrolments & Commencements by State and Territory (2010)Source http//www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs.nsf/Lookup/4102.0Main+Features20Dec+2011 accessed on 30/10/14 The private VET providers that also offer ELICOS as an option can be considered a good investment option, since AEI researches show that 23% of ELICOS students in Australia eventually progressed to VET. 19 New South Wales Government also tells that Private VET colleges and institutions are very popular with international students, with the majority of international students in NSW studying at a private college.20 That data confirms that a private ELICOS institution that also offers VET will be a good choice. The following private schools in Sydney stand out as options that provide ELICOS and VET courses ILSC Education Group ELICOS and VET providerSince the number of students and financial reports of each institution are not publicly available, there isnt enough data to point with deduction which school would be a better option for investment. However, a more detailed analysis can be made as a secondary step of this report.5.0 ConclusionThis report objective has been centred on identifying the over performingsectors on the industry of education, which we believe have been successfully reached. The data provided will give be utilise by the Group April to decide which sector is the most promisor. We would recommend Group April to closely look at potential schools with vast knowledge and good reputation, besides being costly competitive and well located. Finally, end-to-end the whole project, attention was maintained to remain realistic based on the investor cypher and interest in industry.The findings of the interpreting trends section as a whole were summarized in a SWOT analysis table to facilitate its understanding. Considering the overview of the over performing sectors the best choice c onsidered for investment was the ELICOS sector, since is growing at a very good pace. SLIC will remained opened for further discussion of the issue of this report, as well as for conducting a second phase of research.Question outline briefly why did you found your experience in Australia positiveStudent 1. I had a substantial improvement in my English level at the same time I could know different cultures (not just Australian) and met many interesting people. Brazil, Male, 21-25 years old, ELICOS StudentStudent 2. Because there are many differences between Brazil and Australia. Most of the social problems that we have in Brazil are almost nonexistent here. The quality of life is extraordinary. Brazil, Male, 26-30 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 3 Positive Friendly citizens, Weather, mature opportunities of work Brazil, Male, 26-30 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 4 To be completely independent, live on about new cultures Learn new languages Chile, Male, 26-30 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 5 Due to the people I metSpain, Male, 26-30 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 6 Because Australia lull giving me a lot of opportunities to grow personal and professional. Brazil, Male, 26-30 years old, VET studentStudent 7 New experience and challenges, meeting new people, improving my English, travelling Czech republic, Female, 31-40 years old, ELICOS studentStudent 8 Good people, opportunity to work, grow up by myself. Brazil, Female, 26-30 years old, VET student